The Growing Global Threat Of Antibiotic Resistance Ielts Reading Answers Verified ✔

Hospitals and clinics must implement strict guidelines to ensure antibiotics are prescribed only when absolutely necessary, in the correct dosages, and for the appropriate duration.

The text recommends that individuals use antibiotics responsibly, get vaccinated, and practice good hygiene.

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Once resistance genes are acquired, bacteria can deploy various defence strategies: blocking drug entry into the cell, pumping the drug back out, producing enzymes that destroy the antibiotic, or modifying the drug’s target so it no longer binds effectively. This biological arms race is driven by misuse and overuse of antibiotics across human medicine, agriculture and veterinary practice.

Antibiotic resistance is, at its core, an outcome of evolution by natural selection. Any population of organisms—bacteria included—naturally contains genetic variants with unusual traits. Among these variants are bacteria that possess the ability to withstand an antibiotic's attack. When a person takes an antibiotic, the drug kills the susceptible bacteria while leaving behind those that can resist it. These surviving bacteria then multiply rapidly, increasing their numbers a million-fold in a single day, eventually becoming the predominant microorganism. This biological arms race is driven by misuse

Antibiotics have revolutionised medicine since the discovery of penicillin in 1928. They have made once-deadly infections treatable and have enabled complex surgeries, chemotherapy, and organ transplants. However, decades of overuse and misuse in humans and animals have accelerated a natural evolutionary process: bacteria are becoming resistant to the very drugs designed to kill them. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) – particularly antibiotic resistance – now ranks among the top ten global health threats, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

A multifaceted approach, including improving antibiotic stewardship, enhancing surveillance and monitoring, and promoting new antibiotics. Among these variants are bacteria that possess the

The main drivers of antibiotic resistance are the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in human medicine and agriculture. In human medicine, antibiotics are often prescribed unnecessarily or inappropriately, contributing to the development of resistant bacteria. In agriculture, antibiotics are used to promote growth and prevent disease in livestock, which can lead to the spread of resistant bacteria through the food chain.

D. The consequences of a post-antibiotic era would be catastrophic. Routine surgeries could become life-threatening due to the risk of untreatable infections. Common illnesses such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and tuberculosis are already becoming harder to treat, leading to longer hospital stays, higher medical costs, and increased mortality. A recent study estimated that drug-resistant infections could cause 10 million deaths annually by 2050 if no action is taken, surpassing the number of deaths caused by cancer.

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